High culture Vs Low Culture Lecture:

HIGH CULTURE VS LOW CULTURE:

AVANT GARDE is the innovation in the arts and selects pioneers. but in the modern day it is slowly losing its name.

Artists such as:  MARCEL DUCHAMP

- 1917, Fountain

- Mona Lisa

- avant garde trying to do something different and shocking

- upset the establishment

 There are also 'FAUVES', wild beasts who were self taught painters and attack the order of things with critics and painters. 

- innovation

- experimentation

- originality

- creative genius

= impossible in institutional framework

HENRY WALLIS:

- CHATTERTON

- 19 year old, writes genius poem to save the world

- not understood so commits suicid

ART FOR ARTS SAKE:

- WHISTLER, NOCTURNE IN BLACK AND GOLD, THE FALLING ROCKET (1875)

- no politics // no engagement with the world// beacon of aesthetic beauty // separation between artist and viewer

* ART FOR ARTS SAKE

* SOCIAL CHANGE PROGRESSION

9. CLIVE BELL (critic)

- Cezanne = fave painter

- SIGNIFICANT FORM

combinations of lines and colours, which when organised give the power to move someone aesthetically

- make careers off interpreting art that no one understands

- self perpetuating between critic and artist

- CLEMENT GREENBURG

// the avant grade // american painting in 20th century (e.g. POLLOCK 1950) everything else = 

KITSCH? - seeks qualities of true art but fails for various reasons 

10. AVANT GARDE IN RUSSIA

- CONSTRUCTIVISM...SOCIALIST RUSSIA

STALIN BANS A-G

- avant garde seen as major problem...run the risk of being elitist

- members of left wing tendency to rely on ACADEMIC TECHNIQUES in order to appeal to public

- CAN YOU BE A-G AND STILL BE INNOVATIVE AND CREATIVE?

IF YOU APPEAL TO THE PUBLIC ARE YOU LESS IMPORTANT?

KITSCH?

FEEDBACK FROM INTERVIEWS

SEB'S FEEDBACK FROM QUESTIONER: 

FROM COLLECTING THIS DATA WE CAN DEVLOP DESIGNS FOR INFO GRAPHS AND USE THE DATA TO PRESENT THE IDEAS IN A FORMAL WAY AND MAYBE IN DETAIL ON THE DESIGNS NEXT TO THE BODY FIGURES. 

Skate Equipment - HOW TO VISUALISE TYPE

Pads: When skating vert ramps, it is important to wear quality knee pads to slide out of missed tricks without injuring your knees. I would recommend getting properly fitting gear from a company that makes protective gear for skating. Pro-Tec is my sponsor for pads and their pads help me to skate as hard as I like. They come in different thicknesses for different types of skating. They even have knee pads to go under your jeans. 

Equipment: Make sure you have good gear. Helmets that don't fit well or straps that are not buckled will not protect you sufficiently. Get good equipment (board, trucks, bearings, and wheels). Check out the nuts and bolts to make sure your ride is in good shape. We trust our boards to take us to greater heights, so we need to be responsible to take care of them. Wear shoes that are meant for skating. Companies like Ipath make shoes that not only protect your feet with added padding but also have gummy soles for gripping the board better. 

http://teacher.scholastic.com/scholasticnews/indepth/Skateboarding/articles/index.asp?article=safety&topic=0

POPULAR SKATEBOARDING COMPANIES:

DESIGN SHEETS AND RESEARCH

PLANS - DESIGN SHEETS - INFORMATION: 

BASIC PLAN 5 SECTIONS - 2M POSTER DESIGN - LOCATED ON SKATEPARK

IDEAS AND INSPIRATION FROM DATA FLOW:

BY CREATING A STEP BY STEP DESIGN PLAN LIKE THE ONES SELECTED ABOVE WE FEEL AS A GROUP IT WOULD LOOK EFFECTIVE TO ASSEMBLE A SKATEBOARD AS A PLAN FOR BEGINNERS. 

BY USING PLANS LIKE THE ONE ABOVE WE FEEL IT WOULD BE GOOD TO DEVLOP PADS - SIMPLE DIAGRAMS LIKE A FIGURE WITH THE PADS ON THE SIDE AND SOME INFO GRAPHICS TO DEVLOP IDEAS. 

INFO GRAPHICS IDEAS : 

Primary Research:

Brakes

A hard rubber brake attached to the heel of the frame allows the skater to stop by lifting the toes of the skate, forcing the brake onto the ground. Learning how to use the heel brake is very important for beginners, as it is the most reliable, safe way to stop in emergencies and to control speed on downhills.

Heel brakes can interfere with a useful technique called a crossover turn, in which a skater crosses one leg over another to make a sharp turn without losing much speed; for this reason, some users prefer not to use heel brakes. Skaters in the freestyle slalom and aggressive inline skating disciplines also tend not to use heel brakes, since they can limit the skater's ability to perform tricks effectively. Most aggressive inline skates and racing skates have no heel brake, thereby permitting extra speed and control. Inline skaters lacking a heel brake can use various other methods to stop, such as the T-stop in which the skater moves one skate perpendicular to the other, making a "T" shape to increase friction and reduce speed, or the more advanced maneuver of a hockey stop, in which the skater quickly moves both skates perpendicular to the path of motion.


I have looked at the anatomy of a roller skate and what parts enhance stopping.
as you can see the brakes have been circled and highlighted red, I have found there are many different styles of roller skate some have a brake attached to the back however in some cases there are no brakes at all this is used to reduce the overall weight of the roller skate or used to make the skate more appropriate to do tricks in. 

ROLLER SKATING INDUSTRY FACTS & STATISTICS

A Belgian inventor introduced the first recorded roller skate in 1760. The first patent ever taken out on a roller skate was in 1819 for an inline skate. In 1863, a Massachusetts businessman invented the first roller skate that allowed skaters to turn. Within 20 years, roller skating had become a popular pastime for men and women, with people participating in speed, dance and figure skating contests, and roller polo.

This information was from:
www.wikipedia.com

With the 1970s came significant improvements in the roller skating industry. Skating floors improved, resulting in easier maintenance, and plastic wheels enabled smoother skating. Music and lighting systems at skating centers were also modernized. By 1977, disco’s popularity spread to rinks, and another big skating boom exploded, especially among adults.

After the disco boom, roller skating among adults began to diminish, although the industry remained a consistent source of indoor entertainment for children – especially between the ages of 7-14 year olds. Today, 73 percent of individuals who skate indoors are between the ages of five and 15. Even with changing times, kids view roller skating as a fun activity where they can listen to popular music, hang out with friends, and play games.

• Roller skating centers host 23 million visits per year from kids in grades fifth through seventh and 18 million visits annually by kindergarteners through fourth graders.

• A National Sporting Goods Association report revealed that over 2.5 million individuals participate in roller hockey. Other roller skating team sports like rollerball have also increased in popularity.

• An American Sports Data survey revealed 10.8 million people roller skate (traditional quad skating). Another 29 million inline skate.

• Most skating center facilities range anywhere from under 14,000 square feet to more than 21,000 square feet.

• Birthday parties are very popular at skating centers. Members of the Roller Skating Association (RSA) host about 47,000 parties each month or 564,000 parties each year nationwide. The average RSA member rink hosts anywhere between 20 and 40 birthday parties per month with 11-15 children attending each party. Many of the larger skating centers host 50 or more parties every week.

• More than 20 percent of indoor skaters skate between 31 and 99 times per year, while 12 percent go at least 100 times per year, according to a study conducted by the Matrix Group.

• Participants in the Matrix Group’s survey ranked the following reasons as to why they go skating: It is fun (94%); My friends go (82%); I like the music (82%); I want to get out of the house (79%); I meet new people (70%); and, It is a healthy activity (67%).

Information was sourced at 

www.rsa.web-pros.com/assets/files/industry%20statistics.pdf

Instructions

1. • 1
     Begin to move your feet closer together, slowly, if you would like to stop while skating. Try to stop by beginning to bend your knees and putting some of your weight down. This should begin to slow you down so that you can come to a stop.
   • 2
     Try a move called the "T-Stop." As you are skating, bring one of your skates behind your other skate as you horizontally create a "T." This will help you stop slowly.
   • 3
     Find a wall or rail to hold on to if you are not moving at a fast pace. While skating, reach out to hold onto a rail or a wall. You will not be able to do this if you are moving quickly though, because it could cause you to fall. This step is only done if you are moving at a gradual pace.
   • 4
     Turn a 360 degree turn if you are an advanced Rollerblader. By turning at a quicker pace, this also allows you to stop abruptly in one place.
   • 5
     Keep trying the different ways to stop that are listed above. If you fall, just get up and try again until you find the correct way to stop that works for you.
     
     
     Instructions where found at
     www.ehow.com
     
     
     The information below was found on wikipedia and various other websites
     It looks at Qualitative and Quantitate research and the advantages and disadvantages they both have.

Research - Skateboarding Statistics

http://www.biomedcentral.com

Received:	22 February 2008
Accepted:	31 July 2008
Published:	31 July 2008

 Skateboards: Are they really perilous? A retrospective study from a district hospital
This was a retrospective analysis of skateboard injuries encountered by the Orthopaedic unit in a busy district hospital that caters to a population of about 100000, 28% being children. Being a popular holiday haven, the population triples during the summer. The Orthopaedic unit receives about 2200 trauma admissions, performs 1700 trauma procedures and assesses 5000 new patients in the fracture clinics annually.

Over a five year period (2002 – 2006) we included all skateboard related injuries seen by the Orthopaedic unit. Data was obtained from patient records and radiographs. The following data was collected: 
We encountered 50 patients with skateboard related injuries during the study period.40 were males and 39/50 were 15 years of age. The mean age was 15.3 years (Range 6 – 50). Patients were divided into 5 age groups: 0–5, 6–10, 11–15, 16–19,20 years.

Research - Skateboarding Injuries

YOUTUBE.COM - VERY SERIOUS HEAD INJURY FROM SKATEBOARDING:

SECONDARY RESEARCH - SAFTEY - SKATEBOARDING - VARIOUS WEBSITES 


WORST SKATEBOARDING INJURIES STORIES:
http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/35/5/325


Abstract
QUANTITATE

Background—Skateboarding injuries have increased with the rise in popularity of the sport, and the injury pattern can be expected to have changed with the development of both skateboard tricks and the materials used for skateboard construction.

Objective—To describe the injury pattern of today.

Methods—The pattern of injuries, circumstances, and severity were investigated in a study of all 139 people injured in skateboarding accidents during the period 1995–1998 inclusive and admitted to the University Hospital of Umeå. This is the only hospital in the area, serving a population of 135 000.

Results—Three of the 139 injured were pedestrians hit by a skateboard rider; the rest were riders. The age range was 7–47 years (mean 16). The severity of the injuries was minor (AIS 1) to moderate (AIS 2); fractures were classified as moderate. The annual number of injuries increased during the study period. Fractures were found in 29% of the casualties, and four children had concussion. The most common fractures were of the ankle and wrist. Older patients had less severe injuries, mainly sprains and soft tissue injuries. Most children were injured while skateboarding on ramps and at arenas; only 12 (9%) were injured while skateboarding on roads. Some 37% of the injuries occurred because of a loss of balance, and 26% because of a failed trick attempt. Falls caused by surface irregularities resulted in the highest proportion of the moderate injuries.

Conclusions—Skateboarding should be restricted to supervised skateboard parks, and skateboarders should be required to wear protective gear. These measures would reduce the number of skateboarders injured in motor vehicle collisions, reduce the personal injuries among skateboarders, and reduce the number of pedestrians injured in collisions with skateboarders.

http://brainandspine.titololawoffice.com/2007/10/articles/brain-injury/skateboard-injuries/

With the current youth's opinion that helmets and protective padding standing strong are "dorky" or "uncool," most children skating in skate parks choose not to wear them. And considering the parks remain unsupervised, skate-at-your-own-risk facilities, it has become easier then ever to get away with it.

Helmets have been shown in studies to reduce the risk of head injury by 85 percent and the risk of brain injury by 90 percent. 

According to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, more than 15,600 persons need hospital emergency room treatment each year for injuries related to skateboarding. Fractures are frequent occurrences, and death as a result of collisions with motor vehicles and falls are also reported.

Neurosurgeon Dr. David Shafron said skateboard injuries are common among patients he sees annually, with concussions ranking highest among these injuries.

"Concussions are by far the most common thing I see, meaning their level of alertness has been altered in any way, they are not necessarily knocked out," he said. "I usually get more involved when there's a loss of consciousness or skull fracture."

These statistics are serious.  My own children are not enticed by skateboards (thank goodness) yet they do love to glide around on "wheelies."  It scares me to death.

I remember as a child never wearing a helmet to ride my 10 speed.  But who would do so today?  The fact is safety may not be fashionable but it should be.

Kids and beginners are the most likely to get hurt. More than half of skateboard injuries happen to people under the age of 15. One-third happen to those who've been skateboarding less than a week.

Believe it or not, more than 25,000 people are treated in hospital emergency rooms for skateboard-related injuries every year. Some of those injuries can be severe, and skateboarders have been killed by head injuries and collisions with cars.

Experienced skaters get hurt, too. As the difficulty of tricks increases, so does the risk of injury, while things like rocks and poor riding surfaces are always a threat.

SAFTEY GUIDELINES: QUALITATIVE 

http://kidshealth.org/teen/food_fitness/sports/safety_skateboarding.html#

It may seem like all you need to start skateboarding is a board and an attitude — until your first wipeout. Asphalt, concrete, wood, and other common riding surfaces have one thing in common: none of them is soft. Helmets are a must for all skateboarders, and all beginners should use pads until they gain more experience.

Here are some of the things you'll need to get started:

• Skateboard. Different boards do different things. If you're mountain-boarding, you'll want a big board with knobby tires. In the park, you'll want something considerably smaller. Make sure you have the right board for your activity and that all of its parts are in working order. Check your board for cracks, sharp edges, damaged wheels, and loose parts before you skate.
• Helmet. Get a helmet that is specifically meant for skateboarding, not some other activity. Look for a sticker inside the helmet saying it meets the ASTM F1492 skateboard helmet standard. All helmets should have a strong strap and buckle, and the strap should be securely fastened and snug any time you ride.
• Shoes. Skateboarding is tough on shoes, not to mention feet and ankles. Spend a little extra money and get a good pair of shoes made with leather or suede. Be sure the soles are made of grippy gum rubber, not regular shoe rubber, and that the shoes fit properly.
• Pads. All beginners should start off with at least knee and elbow pads, which are recommended for riders of all levels. These should have a hard plastic shield and should not hinder your movements. Make sure any pads you wear are snug without constricting your circulation.
• Other Gear. Wrist guards, hip pads, skateboard gloves, and padded jackets and shorts are all available and are a good idea for beginners. Mouthguards are good protection against concussions and broken teeth.

GUIDANCE ON SKATEBOARDING 

While Riding

You will fall while skateboarding. That much is a given. So:

• Learning how to fall properly can help reduce your chances of injury. If you start to lose your balance, crouch down so you will not have as far to fall. Try to land on the fleshy parts of your body and roll rather than breaking a fall with your arms and hands.
• Bigger tricks and bigger features equal bigger injuries. Once you've learned a couple of tricks, practice them a lot before you move on to more complicated maneuvers. Leave the gnarly stuff to the experts until you're experienced enough to pull it off safely.
• Know and practice skateboarder etiquette. If you're at a crowded skate park, wait your turn instead of jumping blindly into the bowl. This will not only keep fights from breaking out, it will also help you avoid colliding with another skater.